If your having trouble knowing exactly what you can do or what each thing is this is the page for you.   

Towns
Towns are the most basic part of Towny, allowing people to gather and work together as a group.
A town is a collection of residents with one them as the mayor.
A town also has a bank which the mayor can withdraw from.
A mayor can also have assistants who have the same powers as him/herself.
Towns can have taxes that will be taken at the end of real time 24-hour period.
A person can only be a resident of 1 town at a time.
Towns are divided into "Town Blocks," which are 8 block by 8 block sections of land.
The more residents a town has, the more "Town Blocks" it can claim. This is how a town expands in size.


Nations
Nations are a higher level that allow towns to ally together. This adds advantages such as giving towns more flexible land permission options and allowing them to participate in Server Event Wars.
A nation is a collection of towns (or just one town) with one of them as the capital city.
The mayor of that capital is the king.
A nation can join the war event, as well as ally other nations.
A nation also has it's own bank.
It can also tax the towns that belong to it.

OutPosts
Outposts let you claim an area of land that's not connected to your town.
Same size as a regular town block.
They utilize your town's tax rate.
They DO have to be associated with a town.
Just as towns, they have to be a certain distance away from another town.

Wartime
Wars are server wide events that all Nations are able to participate in.
Wars are started by OPs.
Nations do have the option to pay a small fee to remain neutral in the war. This excludes them from the monetary losses/gains that wars involve.
Those Nations participating will either declare other nations enemies or allies. Those set as enemies will be who they fight.
There is a War Spoils bank account that money will be collected in. Money is contributed to the account during the war as players perform various actions against enemy players and towns. At the end of the war, the victorious Nation or group of allied Nations will split the winnings from this account.
There is also a point system where points are gained or lost due to actions against enemy players and towns. A scoreboard is presented in chat at the conclusion of the war.
When the war starts, all non-neutral nations have their towns converted into a warzone. Each town block in the warzone is given hitpoints (HP). A town's central "Home block" has more HPs, but when it's lost, the entire town loses and is removed from the war.
When an enemy player enters a warzone, the HP of the town block begins to drop. The residents of that town must protect that area. If the HP of the town block is reduced to zero, the winning side scores a point, and the losing side loses a point.
Those that kill enemy players will gain money from the dead player's bank account. If the dead player no money, it's taken from the player's town bank account. When the town is bankrupted, the town is removed from the war.