shoot the skeletons back so they know what it feels like?

EXACTLY! Kill them the way they hurt you!

But on a serious note though, avoid the outskirts of towns if you have no ways/means to defend yourself. And If you do, just run away. They can't shoot arrows at all distances, after all.

I can understand the reasoning for wanting this, but because there is a really simple way for town staff to avoid this for their residents, I don't see a major need for it. If the town buys enough land around the edge of their town (or don't put popular areas right at the border) then the skeletons shooting wouldn't be an issue for you, because hopefully they would despawn before reaching you, or wouldn't be able to reach that distance.

We are still a survival server and towns just offer some protection, they aren't there to make you invincible; there are many dangers within towns which can still hurt you.

If you're not current town staff this might be something you could discuss with them regarding extending the border or possibly putting up a wall. Or if it's your own land you could do that yourself as long as your town allows it.

Thanks for the suggestion though, even though I've put it down right now I am in the process of completely redeveloping the Town plugin to resolve existing bugs. This is something I will consider during the development, it's just not likely to be something we'll implement in this version of the Town plugin, sorry for now. If it is introduced then I'll try to remember to bring it up to you, but it would definitely be in the release information once it's ready if included.